This literature review focused on effective teaching strategies for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in classrooms where English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is taught, which is undoubtedly a novel and crucial issue that demands immediate attention. This review not only concentrates on identifying the teaching strategies used for students with ADHD but also delves into and considers different teaching approaches and inclusive education adaptations for students with ADHD. The impact of this review might be significant for educators, (...) parents, and stakeholders alike since it could provide valuable recommendations and knowledge based on the evidence gathered. This would lead to developing more effective, efficient, and inclusive teaching strategies or mechanisms for students with ADHD. Programs aimed at teacher training could also benefit from the findings of this review, contributing to the general support and improving the academic experience of students with ADHD in foreign language learning environments. (shrink)

El propósito del presente artículo es estudiar la respuesta humana al don divino según el comentario de Tomás de Aquino y Martín Lutero a la Carta a los Romanos. Si bien ambos autores asumen una postura antipelagiana, la concepción tomista, al reconocer el valor positivo del orden creado, comprende con mayor hondura metafísica la acción justificadora y santificadora de Dios en la creatura humana. Por otra parte, la exégesis de Lutero, más existencial, es especialmente aguda e incisiva desde este punto (...) de vista. En ambos casos es posible deducir que el punto de partida de la exégesis no es una reflexión abstracta sino un diálogo personal y vital con el Apóstol. El artículo profundizará en los comentarios a Rm 5,5, pasaje central en el pensamiento de san Agustín, cuya influencia es patente tanto en la exégesis de Tomás de Aquino como en la de Martín Lutero. Para estos efectos se apoyará en las recientes reflexiones sobre la categoría de don con la que se analizará la gracia divina, pues ésta contribuye a poner de manifiesto la diferencia entre una visión extrínseca o forense de la justificación y santificación, en la que se acentúa la pasividad del cristiano ante el don inmerecido recibido (Lutero), y una salvación que trasforma al cristiano para que responda al amor de Dios desde el amor (Tomás de Aquino). (shrink)

On Miranda Fricker’s influential account, the central case of testimonial injustice occurs if and only if the speaker receives a credibility deficit owing to identity prejudice of the hearer. Her critics have taken issue with her view, arguing that cases in which speakers are given more credibility than they deserve, may also amount to testimonial injustice. Furthermore, they argue, these cases cannot be captured by Fricker’s account of objectification as the primary epistemic harm of testimonial injustice; rather, it is an (...) account of othering that best captures a wide range of epistemic injustices. In this paper, I join Fricker’s critics in advancing a novel case of testimonial injustice through identity-prejudicial credibility excess – the adultification of black girls in testimony-giving settings. When testifying, black girls are likely to receive a credibility excess with respect to adult topics such as sex and consent because they are perceived as older, more self-reliable, and mature than they actually are by the hearers. Nevertheless, when examining the girls’ intersecting social identities defined by age, race and gender, it becomes clear that this constitutes an unjustly and prejudicially inflated estimation of their credibility. These cases also involve hermeneutical injustice since the identity-prejudicial credibility excess denies the victims a meaningful opportunity to make sense of their traumatic experiences of sexual assault. I conceptualize this compounded injustice as testimonial obfuscation, where an identity-prejudicial credibility evaluation (either in excess or deficit) causes an experience to remain unintelligible to the hermeneutically marginalized speaker. (shrink)

This article narrates the researcher's intention in using a mixed methodology for investigating the correlation between two key research concepts that form part of a larger research study. The larger study aims to reflect on how South African men understand their masculine role from and within their specific religion/spirituality by measuring the nature of the relationship between the constructs of masculine ideology and religious orientation in the development of a male gender identity. Subsequently, the first level of exploration includes the (...) distribution of two inventory scales to a wide selection of men in South Africa for determining the nature and degree of correlation between the two concepts of 'masculinity' and 'religiosity/spirituality' from this specific sample of men. The research question to be answered is as follows: is there a correlation between the results of the two inventory scales which measures male attitude norms, on the one hand, and religious orientation, on the other hand, of a selected sample of South African men? This question is answered through the administration of two widely validated and reliable inventory scales aimed at measuring male ideology and representations and religious orientation, respectively. Consequently, the researcher aims to motivate her choice of employing these scales before a post-foundational practical theological and narrative approach to research is used in 'thickening' the discourses resulting from these inventories, and narrates what she aims to achieve through the employment of these specific methodologies. Therefore, this article does not aim to narrate any research findings but forms part of Phase 1 of the larger research project delineated into different phases. The researcher concludes with a suggested research methodology, which aims at the decolonisation of the constructs of masculinity and religiosity and/or spirituality in the specific context of postcolonial and post-apartheid South Africa. (shrink)

Adolescents who believe that their parents treat them differently from their siblings have poorer psychosocial well-being than otherwise. This phenomenon, which is known as parental differential treatment or PDT occurs in up to 65% of families. Past studies have examined socio-demographic variables (e.g., child gender, age, and birth order) as predictors of PDT, but these immutable characteristics do little to inform interventions and help these adolescents. Hence, this study extends past research by investigating links among parent empathy, parent perception of (...) PDT, child perception of PDT, child perception of fairness and child well-being (self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and trust in the relationship with parents). Furthermore, this study tests whether adolescent personality (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism), child empathy, and child perception of fairness moderate these links. This study will utilize a two-wave longitudinal design with a one-year lapse. Data will be collected from 760 Chinese adolescents studying from Secondary One to Secondary Three in 18 schools in Hong Kong and from their parents. We test our theoretical model via a multilevel structural equation model. This study both addresses (a) theoretical debates about relations among empathy, PDT, fairness, and psychosocial well-being and (b) focuses on modifiable factors and behaviors, to inform future interventions, such as parent education. (shrink)

This paper aims to restore, from the political thought of Merleau-Ponty, the rightful place of conflict. To achieve this hypothetical premise it is necessary to consider some issues that are woven into possible readings of the origin or foundation of politics. First, tracing back to the original cartesian proposition that the body is related with extensive substance invalid when detecting who we are. Then, considering the reading Merleau-Ponty makes of Machiavelli considering the notion of riot or mass under a conflicting (...) structure of politics in relation to the subject. In this regard, it is noted from this reading, the conditions proposed by Merleau-Ponty to highlight the importance of the singular in a politically shared space. And finally, to understand these problem areas of the history of philosophy as their own "world of life" where the contingent has a particular sense understood as the ontological place of the practical subject. Thus, in this context, it is possible to reconcile from Merleau-Ponty in the area of the contingent, body and language; what is felt and thought; perceived and settled. To understand the features of sedimentation helps to the formation of the localized subject; that is, it habituated or instituted. (shrink)

En el presente escrito se intentará explicar de manera estructurada la compleja propuesta del filósofo francés Jacques Rancière acerca del vínculo entre el arte y la política, para luego llevar a cabo una consideración crítica de dicha postura.

Often understood as a dissolution of the ego, mental illness implies a process of deconstruction where the psychotic faces the most frightening limits one can encounter: the limits of perception, the limits of understanding, the limits of vulnerability, and above all, the limits of intersubjectivity. The present paper aims to explore mental illness phenomenologically, taking it as both a limited and an unlimited experience of intersubjectivity. On the one hand, mental illness is widely regarded as a limited experience of intersubjectivity, (...) for it alters and hence limits access to the Other. But on the other hand, it can equally be taken as an unlimited experience of intersubjectivity, because it opens up a new world to the psychotic that can be transposed into and improved through artistic expression. The present article will bring together these two dimensions in order to reflect on the limits of experience in general. To do so, I will first address the clinical studies of the analyst Marguerite Sechehaye and of Rosemarie Samaritter. By retracing Marguerite Sechehaye’s deconstruction of the ego in a case of schizophrenia that she successfully treated, I attempt to circumscribe three distinctive experiential layers that have been disturbed by her patient’s mental illness: (1) the affective layer, (2) the symbolic layer, and (3) the kinesthetic layer, which is indicative of the fact that our spatial presence and body movements are constitutive elements of our sense of self and of our being in the world. Second, I will focus on the relationship between art and schizophrenia, and subsequently on the limits of experience that a psychotic transcends when undergoing his/her illness. (shrink)

Resumen Si bien los cumplidos han sido examinados extensamente en diferentes idiomas, incluido el español, se ha prestado escasa atención al estudio de variación interdialectal en la realización de cumplidos. Es esto lo que nos interesa analizar en este trabajo al examinar cumplidos en dos variedades del español: español andino y español de Andalucía. Así, el estudio se enmarca en el área de pragmática variacionista. Más específicamente, con base en una muestra de 410 cumplidos que se obtuvieron empleando un cuestionario (...) de construcción de diálogos, analizamos similitudes y diferencias en la percepción de comportamiento apropiado al formular un cumplido entre mujeres universitarias en Quito y Sevilla. Como veremos, en cuanto a estrategias globales, en los dos contextos hay una preferencia clara por formulaciones directas, corroborando los resultados de estudios anteriores. Sin embargo, encontramos algunas diferencias tanto situacionales como socioculturales con respecto a las sub-estrategias empleadas en la realización del acto central. Identificamos también algunas diferencias en el empleo de mecanismos de modificación interna y actos de apoyo encaminados a realzar el cumplido. (shrink)

Los acuerdos de paz concertados entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC en 2016 se han visto no solo como la finalización del conflicto armado, sino como la posibilidad de imaginar y construir una sociedad inclusiva, justa y participativa. Se ha argumentado que los acuerdos de paz son la ruta más corta para lograr los objetivos del Estado democrático, y cumplir con lo estipulado en su narración como parte de un pacto social que conlleva a la convivencia pacífica. Sin embargo, (...) una mirada detallada y crítica a los lugares descriptivos y, por ende, prácticos a los acuerdos desde un punto de vista del feminismo centrado en la noción de diferencia revela en los acuerdos un sentido de exclusión y marginalización de la mujer que reproduce los marcos teóricos de un feminismo centrado en la igualdad y la equidad. El pensamiento filosófico de Luce Irigaray permite fracturar y descentrar las lógicas masculinas en la tradición filosófica de occidente y abre paso a la diferencia como concepto que recrea y re-imagina el espacio público y el marco político. Así, se posibilita una inclusión que fortalece la ciudadanía como derecho y como única garante de la reconciliación en la sociedad colombiana. (shrink)

The paper is focused on the process that creates prepositional phrases in Spanish, from the perspective of the theory of grammaticalization and cognitivism, tracking semantic transformations through associative processes such as metaphor and metonymy. After reviewing these theoretical bases, the research follows two particular expressions in the Spanish prepositional phrases inventory: en cabeza de and a la cabeza de. The analysis starts by the study of the central noun, cabeza, in historic dictionaries, followed by a study of their use in (...) the main academic corpus. The aim is to observe how these expressions have changed diachronically to establish when and how they have become fixed phrases in the Spanish language. (shrink)

The professional training of pastoral therapists has been a topic of controversy for many years in South Africa. Up to date, the training of pastoral workers has been limited to the study of ministry and as such is limited by the primary aims and outcomes of this curriculum. In a post-apartheid, post-colonial South Africa, the need for pastoral workers is intensified by the needs of community- and faith-based organisations for trained and registered therapists to alleviate the counselling needs of their (...) beneficiaries on all social levels. This article discusses the current state of affairs of the training and curriculum related to the profession of pastoral therapy in the context of South Africa, the various sociopolitical and religious needs that are still left unanswered in the field, and makes recommendations for the registration and accreditation of the profession with a specific curriculum focused on multicultural, multi-spiritual and post-modern nuances. The author argues that such a curriculum, accredited by a statutory body, can operate as a national health resource, will be more cost-effective than other related health services and may transform the social justice landscape related to both the providers and beneficiaries of this type of care. (shrink)

La Psicología se presenta desde sus inicios como una ciencia de carácter empírico, desmarcándose de la Filosofía. Esta independencia trae consigo una serie de dificultades de carácter epistemológico, una de las cuales consiste en la falta de consideración de la distinción filosófica entre persona y naturaleza en el campo de la Psicología. El desconocimiento del sentido tradicional de estos conceptos conlleva consecuencias semánticas relevantes para la disciplina. Mediante una breve reseña de su significado en Tomás de Aquino, se desarrollan algunos (...) apuntes acerca de cómo su comprensión afecta a la investigación de la personalidad y al ejercicio de la psicología clínica. (shrink)

Soteriology has always been a very rich domain of theology. The ultimate will of the Father, as expressed by the Son, is fundamentally one of salvation. The predication of Jesus, his message and praxis are centered on this good news : the Kingdom of God has come near. The liberation from sin, the healings, the casting out of demons, the welcoming of sinners, the death on the cross and the Resurrection are witnesses to this good news. But salvation is not (...) simply an event of a distant past. The Latino-American theology of liberation finds its continuation in human history. The Basque theologian Jon Sobrino sees the “crucified peoples” as bearers of an historic salvation and successors of the Suffering Servant of God. This article, on the basis of Sobrino’s Christology and especially of the Christological category of “existence-for”, analyses the meaning and validity of the idea of an historical salvation taken on by the crucified peoples. (shrink)

En el presente texto se hace una lectura fenomenológica del relato mítico amazónico del Yurupary. A partir de esta, se defiende la tesis de que en la oralitura que se manifiesta en este relato se ofrece la cosmovisión de una cultura precolombina; en esta, se plasma en su estructura interna una determinada manera de estar-en-el-mundo, es decir, devela rasgos de la dimensión ontológica de la misma. Para exponer la tesis anterior el texto se divide en tres partes: I. “De la (...) fenomenología o presupuestos metodológicos”; II. “Aproximación fenomenológica al relato”, y III. “Perspectivas”. (shrink)

In an increasingly urbanized world, construction industry is called upon to serve the needs of human society, such as environmental protection and safety in terms of infrastructure. In this context, a sustainable and ethical development means a close connection between buildings and environment. This connection can be achieved through, for example, the concept of ecological concrete or green concrete, as it is often called. The conventional process of obtaining cement and mineral aggregates from the concrete composition generates pollution, especially through (...) greenhouse gas emissions. Also, one should not ignore the fact that extraction of the raw materials affects the habitats of the sites and of the neighboring areas. When construction materials are questioned, the ethical issues lay not in the means of expression, but mainly in the means of production. More to the point, the present contribution aimed to find solutions for enhancing the adhesion of vegetal aggregates with the cement matrix, in order to obtain a material with optimal mechanical properties, which is valued as an ethical approach of building industry. Results showed that plant aggregates can be used to obtain a building material which can be improved by using partial substitution of cement by silica fume, fly ash, or by using additives and that green concrete as an environmentally friendly material offers the alternative for lower energy use and fewer CO2 emissions. Marketers must understand not only the advantages of these green materials, but also that they have an ethical commitment to provide consumers with environmentally friendly materials. (shrink)

In South Africa, ideas around fatherhood, parenthood and family life are greatly shifting as people find themselves caught up between traditional and contemporary understandings of fatherhood and motherhood. Even though more than 70% of young South Africans stated in a national survey that parenthood is one of the top four defining features of adulthood, father absence is on the increase. Some in-depth literature study was conducted regarding South African research on fatherhood and father absence, and the role of both Christian (...) churches and secular organisations in addressing some of these challenges brought on by rapidly growing figures of father absence. The article concludes with some suggestions on the development of a new paradigm in understanding fatherhood in South Africa, with special reference to the role of Christian churches in assisting men to construct a narrative around fatherhood, which will lead to satisfying relationships with their children, their partners and especially with God. (shrink)

RESUMEN Este artículo se propone recuperar un acercamiento peculiar en la comprensión de la realidad a través del concepto del silencio. A pesar de que sobre el silencio hay varías indagaciones, la mayoría relacionadas con la obra de Martín Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein o Merleau-Ponty, este artículo tiene la intención de extender la comprensión de una filosofía del silencio que no sería completa sin la contribución de Max Picard. Siendo este último un pensador original y el autor de una obra peculiar, (...) el objetivo de estas páginas es analizar el silencio, para comprender por qué el filósofo suizo lo entiende como una realidad originaria y positiva y no como una ausencia, creando así una metafísica del silencio como una filosofía integral ; una filosofía en la cual el silencio une, a través del lenguaje, al hombre con lo divino, creando una relación de complementariedad ABSTRACT This article aims to recover a peculiar approach in the understanding of reality through the concept of silence. Although there are several inquiries about silence, mostly related to the work of Martín Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein or Merleau-Ponty, this article intends to extend the understanding of a philosophy of silence that would not be complete without the contribution of Max Picard. Being an original thinker and the author of a peculiar work, the purpose of these pages is to analyze the silence, to understand why the Swiss philosopher understands it as an original and positive reality and not as an absence, thus creating a "metaphysics of silence" as an integral philosophy ; a philosophy in which silence unites, through language, the human and the divine, creating a relationship of complementarity. (shrink)

The selfish goal metaphor is interesting and intriguing. It accounts for the idiosyncrasies and inconsistencies in peoples' goal pursuits without invoking free will, self-regulatory, or self-control failures. However, people pursue multiple goals, sometimes simultaneously. We argue that the model proposed in the target article may gain significant theoretical and practical value if the principles underlying goal selection and/or balancing on a moment-to-moment basis are clearly specified and integrated with the notion of the selfish goal.

Algunos autores como Hans Boersma critican la doctrina tomista sobre la visión beatífica porque consideran que en ella la mediación cristológica es totalmente irrelevante, sea cuando hace referencia al medio como al objeto de la visión de Dios que los santos tienen en la gloria. La postura de Boersma ha dado lugar a un debate que, sin embargo, se ha centrado sobre todo en la Suma de Teología. Sin embargo, en el último tiempo se ha redescubierto la riqueza que contienen (...) los comentarios bíblicos del Aquinate. Por eso, el objeto del presente artículo es considerar el rol de Cristo glorioso y del Espíritu Santo en la visión beatífica del cristiano según estos comentarios, para así iluminar el debate contemporáneo. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se pretende demostrar que lo sonoro, lo luminoso y lo líquido, como elementos semánticos, son fundamentales para la construcción de lo fantástico y lo sepulcral en la leyenda El miserere de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer. Estos elementos se interrelacionan por medio del ambiente sepulcral que se presenta en el texto, por medio de metáforas que los vinculan, y por medio de la forma en que se manifiestan en lo posible y lo imposible, cuya unión permite que lo (...) fantástico sea posible. (shrink)

Este trabajo busca analizar los personajes que Tácito destaca como dignos de mérito durante el nuevo sistema político del Principado y que reciben una alabanza o elogio por parte del historiador en la primera héxada de sus _Anales. _Se examinan también los factores que se constituyen como meritorios bajo el reinado de Tiberio y que reciben algún tipo de compensación política por parte del emperador.

This article presents an approach to the way in which Bolívar Echeverría, based on his reformulation of Marxist criticism, attempts to locate in the truncated configurations of Latin American modernity potentials for resisting the universal expansion of the value form. Drawing on his distinction between modernity and capitalism, as well as his interpretation of the fundamental tension between natural form and value form, the article exposes Exheverría’s historical analysis of the triumph of the realist ethos over the baroque ethos of (...) Latin American modernity. Nevertheless, the remnants of the latter constitute for Echeverría a possible counter-figure of the realistic ethos embodied by Whiteness. This is how his approach attempts to go beyond both Eurocentrism and the postmodern rejection of modernity, aiming to save the hope of a concrete universalism against the purely abstract universalism of capitalist modernity. (shrink)

This article seeks to provide a phenomenological inquiry into schizophrenia through which I propose to bring to the fore the mental violence exercised against the self in the case of a psychotic patient. My main aim is to show that a phenomenological analysis of mental illness, interpreted as a disintegration of the ego, can be very fruitful for understanding violence in general because it raises fundamental questions concerning intersubjectivity, intentionality, and self-awareness. In order to accomplish this objective, I will take (...) as my point of departure a case study of mental illness as presented by the analyst Marguerite Sechehaye, and I will explore, first, the phenomenological implications of the disintegration of the ego, and second, the dynamics of the reconstruction of the ego. Third, I will address the question whether mental illness is a form of violence against the self, sketching an answer by interpreting the transition from the disintegration of the ego to its reconstruction as an elevation from a poor phenomenon to a saturated phenomenon. Finally, I will suggest how opening a dialogue between phenomenology and psychoanalysis can contribute to understanding the phenomenon of mental violence. (shrink)

This paper presents an interpretation of the paradoxical decision of Abraham done by Søren A. Kierkegaard in his work Fear and Trembling as an ethics of silence. The main idea is to understand ethics not as moral standards or specific duties, but as the responsibility of becoming a single individual in time; singularity as the intimate and personal relationship with the calling of love. In such a way, that silence is the experience of the encounter with the paradox that being (...) human means to be singular in conditions that claim an universal and general transparent manifestation dependent of the dominant rational discourse.Then, silence becomes the fundamental ethical claim to become a human person, as spirit in time, where it becomes a time of trial and examination, a temporality, where the trial is the fidelity to love’s calling, the listening of the possibilities that are presented by the anxiety of the decision. These possibilities are not immanent to the world or to history, they call for a personal choice, always containing a space of revelation; therefore of listening to the interiority of the personal choice that for Kierkegaard is the passion of faith, communicated and lived in silence. Concluding that an ethics of silence by the image of Abraham implies to re-think the role of philosophy in relationship to faith, hope and love in time, as a silent thought. (shrink)

In this article, we examine the effects of time spent in household labor on the gender gap in earnings. We identify that part of the gender gap in earnings directly attributable to women's greater household labor time. After controlling for years of work experience, hours worked per week, occupation, industry, union membership, and education, we find that household labor time can directly account for 8.2 percent of the gender gap in earnings. In addition to the direct effect of women's household (...) responsibilities on earnings, they also may affect occupational location, work experience, and number of hours worked per week, and through these variables, their earnings. These findings indicate that we cannot truly understand women's earnings relative to those of men without considering the impact of their unpaid labor on their paid work. (shrink)

En De Oratore y otros escritos, Cicerón critica la retórica de los estoicos. Afirma que su elocuencia es “confusa, oscura, árida y cortada” y que sus tratados de retórica sirven más “para aprender a callar” que para aprender a hablar persuasivamente. ¿Qué decían los estoicos de la retórica para que Cicerón tenga sus preceptos en tan baja estima? En este trabajo exploro el problema, con miras a entender los fundamentos psicológicos y epistemológicos de la concepción estoica de la retórica y (...) contrastarlos con los de la retórica ciceroniana. En mi opinión, la disputa reza, más que sobre cuestiones de estilo, sobre la validez de la convicción que se produce por vías alternas a la argumentación racional o lógica . Dicha convicción es indeseable para los estoicos; para Cicerón, necesaria y conveniente.In De Oratore and other works, Cicero criticizes the rhetoric of the stoics. He claims that their eloquence is “obscure, dry and excessively brief” and their treatises on rhetoric are more useful to “learn how to be silent” than to learn how to speak persuasively . What did the stoics say about rhetoric so that Cicero holds their precepts in such low esteem? In this paper I attempt to clarify the psychological and epistemological presupposition that underlie the Stoic conception of rhetoric, in order to compare them with those behind Ciceronian rhetoric. In my opinion, rather than a controversy on matters of style, the dispute concerns the validity of a conviction gained through means other than rational or logical argument . Such conviction is undesirable for the stoics; for Cicero, it is rather necessary and convenient. (shrink)